21 September, 2018

饮食选择101:为实验室饮食做出明智的决定

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Diet continues to be an overlooked variable in experimental investigations, impacting reproduction, growth, and disease, as well as affecting the response to experimental manipulation in laboratory animals.

鉴于再现性is a key principle in the conduct and validation of experimental science, how can you ensure that your laboratory animal diet does not unduly influence your outcomes and conclusions drawn from your empirical data?

为了回答这个问题,让我们讨论饮食作为研究工具的功能,并检查一些关键的考虑因素在为您的学习需求中选择最佳的饮食。

RMS Teklad Lab Animal DietsUnderstand the difference in diet types

饮食可以根据其成分进行分类:

  • 自然:这些成分相对未经提炼的阿格利司ultural commodities such as grains (corn, wheat, oats), grain by-products, plant-based proteins meals (soybeans, corn gluten, alfalfa) and animal-based proteins (pork, fish). These contain a variety of macro-, micro-, and non-nutrients and are considered chemically complex.
  • Refined:与天然成分相比,随着来自源材料的进一步加工的结果,精制成分是化学简单的,通常去除非营养成分。精制成分的目标通常是提供一种主要的营养素,并且可能含踪量的其他营养素。实例包括酪蛋白,蔗糖,葡萄糖,果糖和玉米淀粉等。

Laboratory animal diets are also categorized by their purpose:

  • 标准(天然成分)饮食: Also called grain-based or cereal-based,标准饮食是一种广泛使用的实验室动物饮食,用于支持动物菌落的繁殖,生长和维持。由于成分的性质和生产规模,相对于使用精制成分的饮食将会更大程度地营养变异性。虽然这种类型的饮食已经用于研究超过75年,但这些饮食中的非营养素的固有存在会影响表型。
  • 定制饮食: Also called purified, semi-purified, defined or synthetic,custom diets包括具有简单化学成分的高精度成分,使得可以操纵个体营养素。这种控制水平允许更均匀的均匀性和再现性效益以及饮食设计中的更通用性。尽管可以使用标准饮食中发现的相同农产品,但定制自然成分饮食不太常见。无论是控制营养水平,诱导疾病状态还是给药一种动物,定制饮食都可以服务各种目的
  • 含药饮食: Serving a veterinary purpose, these diets withadded medications可以补充标准饮食,以防止或治疗实验室动物中的常见感染(如食虫和毛皮螨)。


Learn about formulation approaches

formulation of a diet mattersas it could affect the interpretation of and confidence in the research results.

Open formula饮食have published ingredient lists along with the recipe, while封闭式饮食是专有的,列出成分组成,但不是配方。根据定义,公开公式是固定,meaning the same recipe is followed for each production. Closed formula diets can be either fixed orvariable(配方会随着时间的推移而变化)。

While fixed formulas are unchanging, variable formulas can have shifting ingredient inclusion rates over time, in an effort to manage nutrient variability. However, end-users will not be aware if or how a formula like this changes over time.

实验室动物饮食制造依赖于严格的成分采购和制造实践,例如,仅从批准的供应商和测试或检查产品之前购买成分。目标是在很长一段时间内管理变异性并实现营养稳定性。

该value of minimizing non-nutrients

研究终点可能受到饮食中的非营养素的影响,这可能是天然成分中固有的或作为污染物,例如砷,铅,霉菌毒素或某些农药。

可以使用几种策略来避免这些非营养素。可以筛选玉米和小麦的成分用于霉菌毒素。或者饮食可以排除鱼粉以最小化亚硝胺,潜在的致癌物质和降低砷水平。不包括苜蓿粉大大降低了背景自发荧光,这会干扰活体动物的成像。

As mentioned in a previous,the good, the bad and the ugly effects of dietary phytoestrogen in lab animal diets avoiding phytoestrogens,是一种主要关注,因为它们可以模仿哺乳动物中雌激素的结构和功能,导致不可预测的效果和潜在的不可靠的结果。使用排除大豆和苜蓿粉的标准饮食,或纯化的饮食,有助于避免任何impact of dietary phytoestrogens

做出明智的饮食选择

Depending on your research needs, the following considerations can help you make informed decisions for your diet choice:

  • Review the study vendor’s technical datasheet andask a nutritionistto discuss nutrient levels
  • 评估成分列表,以查看是否non-nutrientswill affect your research
  • 确定配方方法是否重要,无论是固定还是变量
  • Research the diet manufacturer’s quality practices to ensure due diligence is conducted on their product
  • Set aside time during experimental design planning to determine how diet may impact study conclusions
  • Consider if acustom dietwill best meet your research objectives by reviewing relevant literature and requesting a nutritionist consultation


选择时,饮食是一个有价值的研究工具。通过了解具有饮食的潜在变量,例如成分,营养,非营养,制定策略和制造方法,您将更好地准备做出更明智的决策。

What's your study worth? The value of a custom lab diet as a research tool on demand webinar

类别//研究模式和服务Teklad饮食,床上用品和浓缩